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(No Model.) 2 Sheets$heet 1. J. H. CHAMP. f

HYDRAULIG AIR GOMPRESSOR.

No. 544,467. Patented Aug. 13, 1895.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. H. CHAMP.

HYDRAULIC AIR COMPRESSOR.

No. 544,457. Patented Aug. 13, 1895.

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UNITED STATES JOSEPH H. CHAMP, OF CLEVELAND,

PATENT Orrros OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE BISHOP (is BABOOOK COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 544,457, dated August 13, 1895.

Application filed December 4, 1893. Serial No. 492,655. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOSEPH H. CHAMP, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Air-Compressors, of which the following is a specification, the principle of the invention being herein explained, and the best mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguish it from other inventions.

The annexed drawings and the following description set forth in detail one mechanical form embodying the invention, such detail construction being but one of various mechanical forms in which the principle of the invention may be used.

In said annexed drawings, Figure I represents an axial section of my improvedaircompressor; Fig. II, an axial section of the valve mechanism and lower portion of the water-cylinder, illustrating the relative positions of the valves when the pistons are at the beginning of their downstroke, and Fig. III an axial section of the same parts, illustrating the relative positions of the valves when the pistons are at the beginning of their upstroke.

A valve-casing A is mounted upon a suitable base B and has an inlet A and an outlet A for the actuating fluid. Said inlet and outlet, respectively, open into and extend out from annular port-channels a and a, which surround a cylindrical valve-chamber A which extends through the top of the valvecasing down to near the lower end of the same. An annular distributing port-channel a surrounds the valve-chamber between the upper port-channel a and the lower portchannel a, and a channel a extends from said middle port-channel through the top of the valve-casing. A channel 0; extends from a point in the valve-chamber above the upper port-channel, where said channel has a port a down to the outlet or waste A Another channel a extends from aport a above the upper port-channel but below the port a to the bottom of the valve-chamber, where it has a port a A vertical channel a extends from the inlet A through the top of the valvecasing, where it opens immediately within an stroke.

internally screw-threaded flange a surrounding the edge of the top of the valve-casing. A water-cylinder O is screwed with its lower end into the screw-threaded flange of the valve-casing and has an annular channel 0, which is open upon its under side and bears against the top of the valve-casing, beingthus closed by the latter. The upper end of the channel a from the inlet enters said annular channel, and a channel 0' extends upward from the annular channel into the upper end of the water-cylinder. An air and water cylinder D, of a slightly smaller diameter than the water-cylinder, is secured with its open lower end into the open upper end of the water-cylinder. The closed upperend of the air and water cylinder is provided with an air-inlet Valve 01 and an air-outlet valve d, which opens into a nozzle 01 to which a connectiou to the destination of the compressed air may be attached. Two pistons E and F lit and may reciprocate, respectively, in the water-cylinder and in the air and water cylinder, and said pistons are connected by means of a tubular piston-rod, G. The upper end of the valve-chamber is closed by a stuffing-box a, through which a stem h of a primary valve I-I slides. Said stem extends into the tubular piston-rod G and has a knob it upon its upper end, which knob may be engaged by the contracted lower end of the bore of the piston-rod, so that the valve maybe raised by the pistons at the upper extreme of their The valve stem is furthermore formed with a shoulder it above the valve, against which shoulder the water-piston may strike at the lowermost extreme of its stroke, so as to push the valve down. The primary valve has an axial bore h, contracted at its lower end, and the stem 9' of the main controllingvalve J slides in said bore and may be raised by the primary valve by means of a head j upon the stem, which head may be engaged by the contracted lower end of the bore. The controlling-valve has two pistonsj andj', the lower one j of which is permanently below the outlet-port channel a.

In describing the operation of the air-compressor the position of the parts illustrated in Figs. I and III will be assumed to be the position in which the parts are when the actuating water is admitted into the valve-chamher through the water-inlet. The actuating water passes from theinlet-port a to the port (1?, which communicates with the lower end of the water-cylinderinto said cylinder beneath the piston therein. The actuating water also enters the upper end of the water-cylinder through the channel a", annular channel 0, and vertical channel 0, forcing upward upon the air and water-piston and downward upon the water-piston. This would cause the pistons to move downward with a force proportionate to the difference in the respective areas of the water-piston and the air and water piston were it not for the fact that the actuating water also exerts an upward pressure against the under side of the water-piston, which is thus moved upward with a force proportionate to the area of the under side of the water-piston, less the difference between the areas of the upper side of said piston and the under side of the air and water piston, which force equals the upward force upon the area of the air and water piston. \Vhen the pistons arrive at the uppermost extreme of their stroke, the stem of the primary valve will be pulled upward, shifting said valve upward. The primary valve will pull the controllingvalve with it, and will shift the same to the position illustrated in Fig. II, connecting the lower end of the water-cylinder with the waste. The downward strain upon the controlling-valve by the inlet water bearing upon the upper side of the same is neutralized by the upward strain of said water upon the primary valve, and the controlling-valve is furthermore raised and held in its raised position by the inlet water passing through the port a channel a and port a, into the valvechamber beneath the controlling-valve. As the water beneath the Water-piston can now escape at the waste, and the pressure of the actuating water in the upper part of the watercylinder and the lower part of the air and water cylinder will exert greater downward force upon the large water-piston than upward force upon the smaller air and water piston, the pistons will be forced down and air will be drawn into the air portion of the air and water cylinder. When the pistons arrive at the lowermost extreme of their stroke, the water-piston will strike the shoulder of the primary valve, shifting the latter downward. Said valve will thus uncover the upper port a of the channel to the bottom of the valve-chamber to connect the same with the waste-port a, so that the water beneath the controllingvalve may exhaust into the waste and the downward force of the inlet-water upon said Valve force it down into the position illustrated in Figs. I and III, when the pistons will again start upon their compressing stroke.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed for the mode herein explained. Change may therefore be made as regards the mechanism thus disclosed, provided the principles of construe tion set forth respectively in the following claims are employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my inventiou 1. In an air compressor, the combination of a cylinder provided at one end with an inlet and outlet for the actuatingiluid, a cylinder of smaller diameter having an air inlet and outlet at one end and connected and communicating at its other end with the former cylinder, an inlet and outlet for the actuating fluid at the connected ends of the cylinders, pistons respectively in the cylinders and connected together, and valve mechanism controlling the actuating fluid, substantially as set forth.

2. In an air compressor, the combination of a cylinder provided at one end with an inlet and outlet for the actuating fluid, a cylinder of smaller diameter connected and communicating at one end with the other end of the former cylinder and provided at its other end with an air inlet and outlet, a permanent connection with the actuating fluid supply at the connected ends of the cylinders, pistons respectively in the cylinders and connected together, and valve mechanism controlling the inlet and outlet of the actuating fluid at the end of the larger cylinder, substantially as set forth.

3. In an air compressor, the combination with a valve chamber provided with inlet, outlet and distributing ports for the actuating fluid, of a main controlling valve in said chamber and operated by the actuating fluid, and a primary valve arranged in said chamber tandem with said controlling valve and controlling the actuating fluid for said latter valve, substantially as set forth.

4. In an air compressor, the combination of a valve chamber having an inlet port, an outlet port, and a distributing port about midway between said ports, and having at one end another outlet port and a port a distance from said latter port and communicating with the opposite end of the valve chamber; a primary valve having play at both sides of said last mentioned port; and a main controlling valve provided with two pistons, one of said pistons playing permanently between the first mentioned outlet port and one end of the valve chamber, and the other of said pistons playing at both sides of the distributing port, substantially as set forth.

5. In an air compressor, the combination with a cylindrical valve chamber provided with a distributing port at about its middle, an inlet port above said port, and an outlet port below the latter, with a port at one end connected to the outlet, and with a port between the inlet port and said latter port and communicating with the opposite end of the valve chamber; of a primary valve sliding at both sides of said last mentioned port and provided with a bore having a contracted end,

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and a main valve having two pistons and a h'eaded stem sliding in said bore, substantially as set forth.

6. In an air compressor, the combination of a reciprocating piston, a valve chamber having inlet, outlet and distributing ports, a primary valve in said chamber and connected to be shifted by the piston, and a main controlling valve in the valve chamber and connected to the primary valve to be drawn in one direction by the same, substantially as set forth.

7. In an air compressor, the combination with a valve chamber having inlet, outlet and distributing ports for the actuating fluid, of a valve composed of a main controlling valve portion and a primary valve portion controlling the actuating fluid for the main controlling valve,said portions being connected by a slip joint, substantially as set forth.

8. In an air compressor, the combination with a cylinder and a piston therein, of a valve chamber having inlet and outlet ports for the actuating fluid and distributing ports communicating with the ends of the water cylinder, and having communicating ports at its ends, and a valve composed of a main controlling valve portion and a primary valve portion,- 

